名  稱 不動產估價技術規則 英
修正日期 民國 95 年 06 月 12 日
   第 一 章 總則
第 1 條  
本規則依不動產估價師法第十九條第一項規定訂定之。
第 2 條  
本規則用詞定義如下:
一、正常價格:指具有市場性之不動產,於有意願之買賣雙方,依專業知
    識、謹慎行動,不受任何脅迫,經適當市場行銷及正常交易條件形成
    之合理價值,並以貨幣金額表示者。
二、限定價格:指具有市場性之不動產,在下列限定條件之一所形成之價
    值,並以貨幣金額表示者:
(一)以不動產所有權以外其他權利與所有權合併為目的。
(二)以不動產合併為目的。
(三)以違反經濟合理性之不動產分割為前提。
三、特定價格:指具有市場性之不動產,基於特定條件下形成之價值,並
    以貨幣金額表示者。
四、特殊價格:指對不具市場性之不動產所估計之價值,並以貨幣金額表
    示者。
五、正常租金:指具有市場性之不動產,於有意願之租賃雙方,依專業知
    識、謹慎行動,不受任何脅迫,經適當市場行銷及正常租賃條件形成
    之合理租賃價值,並以貨幣金額表示者。
六、限定租金:指基於續訂租約或不動產合併為目的形成之租賃價值,並
    以貨幣金額表示者。
七、價格日期:指表示不動產價格之基準日期。
八、勘察日期:指赴勘估標的現場從事調查分析之日期。
九、勘估標的:指不動產估價師接受委託所估價之土地、建築改良物(以
    下簡稱建物)、農作改良物及其權利。
十、比較標的:指可供與勘估標的間,按情況、價格日期、區域因素及個
    別因素之差異進行比較之標的。
十一、同一供需圈:指比較標的與勘估標的間能成立替代關係,且其價格
      互為影響之最適範圍。
十二、近鄰地區:指勘估標的或比較標的周圍,供相同或類似用途之不動
      產,形成同質性較高之地區。
十三、類似地區:指同一供需圈內,近鄰地區以外而與勘估標的使用性質
      相近之其他地區。
十四、一般因素:指對於不動產市場及其價格水準發生全面影響之自然、
      政治、社會、經濟等共同因素。
十五、區域因素:指影響近鄰地區不動產價格水準之因素。
十六、個別因素:指不動產因受本身條件之影響,而產生價格差異之因素
      。
十七、最有效使用:指客觀上具有良好意識及通常之使用能力者,在合法
      、實質可能、正當合理、財務可行前提下,所作得以獲致最高利益
      之使用。
第 3 條  
不動產估價師應經常蒐集與不動產價格有關之房地供需、環境變遷、人口
、居民習性、公共與公用設施、交通運輸、所得水準、產業結構、金融市
場、不動產經營利潤、土地規劃、管制與使用現況、災變、未來發展趨勢
及其他必要資料,作為掌握不動產價格水準之基礎。
第 4 條  
不動產估價師應經常蒐集比較標的相關交易、收益及成本等案例及資料,
並詳予求證其可靠性。
前項資料得向當事人、四鄰、其他不動產估價師、不動產經紀人員、地政
士、地政機關、金融機構、公有土地管理機關、司法機關、媒體或有關單
位蒐集之。
第 5 條  
不動產估價師應力求客觀公正,運用邏輯方法及經驗法則,進行調查、勘
察、整理、比較、分析及調整等估價工作。
第 6 條  
不動產估價,應切合價格日期當時之價值。其估計價格種類包括正常價格
、限定價格、特定價格及特殊價格;估計租金種類包括正常租金及限定租
金。
不動產估價,應註明其價格種類;其以特定價格或限定價格估價者,應敘
明其估價條件,並同時估計其正常價格。
第 7 條  
依本規則辦理估價所稱之面積,已辦理登記者,以登記之面積為準;其未
辦理登記或以部分面積為估價者,應調查註明之。
   第 二 章 估價作業程序
第 8 條  
不動產估價作業程序如下:
一、確定估價基本事項。
二、擬定估價計畫。
三、蒐集資料。
四、確認勘估標的狀態。
五、整理、比較、分析資料。
六、運用估價方法推算勘估標的價格。
七、決定勘估標的價格。
八、製作估價報告書。
第 9 條  
確定估價基本事項如下:
一、勘估標的內容。
二、價格日期。
三、價格種類及條件。
四、估價目的。
第 10 條  
擬定估價計畫包括下列事項:
一、確定作業步驟。
二、預估所需時間。
三、預估所需人力。
四、預估作業經費。
五、擬定作業進度表。
第 11 條  
不動產估價應蒐集之資料如下:
一、勘估標的之標示、權利、法定用途及使用管制等基本資料。
二、影響勘估標的價格之一般因素、區域因素及個別因素。
三、勘估標的相關交易、收益及成本資料。
第 12 條  
不動產估價師應依下列原則蒐集比較實例:
一、實例之價格屬正常價格、可調整為正常價格或與勘估標的價格種類相
    同者。
二、與勘估標的位於同一供需圈之近鄰地區或類似地區者。
三、與勘估標的使用性質或使用分區管制相同或相近者。
四、實例價格形成日期與勘估標的之價格日期接近者。
第 13 條  
確認勘估標的狀態時,應至現場勘察下列事項:
一、確認勘估標的之基本資料及權利狀態。
二、調查勘估標的及比較標的之使用現況。
三、確認影響價格之各項資料。
四、作成紀錄及攝製必要之照片。
第 14 條  
不動產估價師應兼採二種以上估價方法推算勘估標的價格。但因情況特殊
不能採取二種以上方法估價並於估價報告書中敘明者,不在此限。
第 15 條  
不動產估價師應就不同估價方法估價所獲得之價格進行綜合比較,就其中
金額顯著差異者重新檢討。並視不同價格所蒐集資料可信度及估價種類目
的條件差異,考量價格形成因素之相近程度,決定勘估標的價格,並將決
定理由詳予敘明。
以契約約定租金作為不動產證券化受益證券信託利益分配基礎者,折現現
金流量分析之收益價格應視前項情形賦予相對較大之權重。
第 16 條  
不動產估價師應製作估價報告書,於簽名或蓋章後,交付委託人。
估價報告書,應載明事項如下:
一、委託人。
二、勘估標的之基本資料。
三、價格日期及勘察日期。
四、價格種類。
五、估價條件。
六、估價目的。
七、估價金額。
八、勘估標的之所有權、他項權利及其他負擔。
九、勘估標的使用現況。
十、勘估標的法定使用管制或其他管制事項。
十一、價格形成之主要因素分析。
十二、估價所運用之方法與其估算過程及價格決定之理由。
十三、其他與估價相關之必要事項及依本規則規定須敘明之情況。
十四、不動產估價師姓名及其證照字號。
前項估價報告書應檢附必要之圖說資料。
第 17 條  
估價報告書之事實描述應真實確切,其用語應明確肯定,有難以確定之事
項者,應在估價報告書中說明其可能影響勘估標的權利或價值之情形。
   第 三 章 估價方法
      第 一 節 比較法
第 18 條  
比較法指以比較標的價格為基礎,經比較、分析及調整等,以推算勘估標
的價格之方法。
依前項方法所求得之價格為比較價格。
第 19 條  
本節名詞定義如下:
一、情況調整:比較標的之價格形成條件中有非屬於一般正常情形而影響
    價格時,或有其他足以改變比較標的價格之情況存在時,就該影響部
    分所作之調整。
二、價格日期調整:比較標的之交易日期與勘估標的之價格日期因時間之
    差異,致價格水準發生變動,應以適當之變動率或變動金額,將比較
    標的價格調整為勘估標的價格日期之價格。
三、區域因素調整:所選用之比較標的與勘估標的不在同一近鄰地區內時
    ,為將比較標的之價格轉化為與勘估標的同一近鄰地區內之價格水準
    ,而以比較標的之區域價格水準為基礎,就區域因素不同所產生之價
    格差異,逐項進行之分析及調整。
四、個別因素調整:以比較標的之價格為基礎,就比較標的與勘估標的因
    個別因素不同所產生之價格差異,逐項進行之分析及調整。
五、百分率法:將影響勘估標的及比較標的價格差異之區域因素及個別因
    素逐項比較,並依優劣程度或高低等級所評定之差異百分率進行價格
    調整之方法。
六、差額法:指將影響勘估標的及比較標的價格差異之區域因素及個別因
    素逐項比較,並依優劣程度或高低等級所評定之差額進行價格調整之
    方法。
七、計量模型分析法:蒐集相當數量具代表性之比較標的,透過計量模型
    分析,求出各主要影響價格因素與比較標的價格二者之關係式,以推
    算各主要影響價格因素之調整率及調整額之方法。
第 20 條  
應用前條計量模型分析法應符合下列條件:
一、須蒐集應用計量模型分析關係式自變數個數五倍以上之比較標的。
二、計量模型分析採迴歸分析者,其調整後判定係數不得低於零點七。
三、截距項以外其他各主要影響價格因素之係數估計值同時為零之顯著機
    率不得大於百分之五。
第 21 條  
比較法估價之程序如下:
一、蒐集並查證比較標的相關資料。
二、選擇與勘估標的條件相同或相似之比較標的。
三、對比較標的價格進行情況調整及價格日期調整。
四、比較、分析勘估標的及比較標的間之區域因素及個別因素之差異,並
    求取其調整率或調整額。
五、計算勘估標的之試算價格。
六、決定勘估標的之比較價格。
前項第五款所稱之試算價格,指以比較標的價格經情況調整、價格日期調
整、區域因素調整及個別因素調整後所獲得之價格。
第 22 條  
所蒐集之比較標的,應就下列事項詳予查證確認:
一、交易價格及各項費用之負擔方式。
二、交易條件;有特殊付款方式者,其方式。
三、比較標的狀況。
四、交易日期。
前項查證確有困難之事項部分,應於估價報告書中敘明。
第 23 條  
比較標的有下列情況,應先作適當之調整;該影響交易價格之情況無法有
效掌握及量化調整時,應不予採用。
一、急買急賣。
二、期待因素影響之交易。
三、受債權債務關係影響之交易。
四、親友關係人間之交易。
五、畸零地或有合併使用之交易。
六、地上物處理有糾紛之交易。
七、法院拍賣。
八、受迷信影響之交易。
九、包含公共設施用地之交易。
十、人為哄抬之交易。
十一、其他。
第 24 條  
比較、分析勘估標的與比較標的之區域因素及個別因素差異並就其中差異
進行價格調整時,其調整以百分率法為原則,並得以差額法調整,惟應於
估價報告書中敘明。
第 25 條  
試算價格之調整運算過程中,區域因素調整、個別因素調整或區域因素及
個別因素內之任一單獨項目之價格調整率大於百分之十五,或總調整率大
於百分之三十時,則判定該比較標的與勘估標的差異過大,應排除該比較
標的之適用。但勘估標的性質特殊或區位特殊缺乏市場交易資料,並於估
價報告書中敘明者,不在此限。
第 26 條  
經比較調整之比較標的試算價格,應就價格偏高或偏低者重新檢討,經檢
討確認適當合理者,方得作為決定比較價格之基礎。檢討後試算價格之間
差距仍達百分之二十以上者,應排除該試算價格之適用。
前項百分之二十以上之差距,指高低價格之差除以各價格平均值達百分之
二十以上者。
第 27 條  
不動產估價師應採用三件以上,經前條檢討後之比較標的試算價格,考量
各比較標的蒐集資料可信度、各比較標的與勘估標的價格形成因素之相近
程度,決定勘估標的之比較價格,並將比較修正內容敘明之。
      第 二 節 收益法
第 28 條  
收益法得採直接資本化法、折現現金流量分析等方法。
依前項方法所求得之價格為收益價格。
第 29 條  
直接資本化法,指勘估標的未來平均一年期間之客觀淨收益,應用價格日
期當時適當之收益資本化率推算勘估標的價格之方法。
第 30 條  
直接資本化法之計算公式如下:
收益價格=勘估標的未來平均一年期間之客觀淨收益÷收益資本化率
第 31 條  
折現現金流量分析,指勘估標的未來折現現金流量分析期間之各期淨收益
及期末價值,以適當折現率折現後加總推算勘估標的價格之方法。
前項折現現金流量分析,得適用於以投資為目的之不動產投資評估。
第 32 條 附件檔案
折現現金流量分析之計算公式如下:
    n'
P =Σ  CFk /(1+Y)k+Pn'/(1+Y)n'
    k=1
其中:
P :收益價格
CFk :各期淨收益
Y :折現率
n':折現現金流量分析期間
k :各年期
Pn':期末價值

(備      註:因條文排版無法完整呈現計算公式,計算公式請參閱相關
  圖表)
第 33 條  
客觀淨收益應以勘估標的作最有效使用之客觀淨收益為基準,並參酌鄰近
類似不動產在最有效使用情況下之收益推算之。
以不動產證券化為估價目的,採折現現金流量分析估價時,各期淨收益應
以勘估標的之契約租金計算為原則。但因情況特殊不宜採契約租金估價,
並於估價報告書中敘明者,不在此限。
前項契約租金未知者,應以市場經濟租金推估客觀淨收益。
第 34 條  
收益法估價之程序如下:
一、蒐集總收入、總費用及收益資本化率或折現率等資料。
二、推算有效總收入。
三、推算總費用。
四、計算淨收益。
五、決定收益資本化率或折現率。
六、計算收益價格。
第 35 條  
收益法估價應蒐集勘估標的及與其特性相同或相似之比較標的最近三年間
總收入、總費用及收益資本化率或折現率等資料。
前項蒐集最近三年間之資料有困難時,應於估價報告書中敘明。
蒐集第一項資料時,應就其合理性進行綜合研判,以確定資料之可用性,
並得依其持續性、穩定性及成長情形加以調整。
前條蒐集總收入資料,得就其不動產之租金估計之,以確認總收入資料之
合理性。
第 36 條  
勘估標的之有效總收入計算方式如下:
一、分析並推算勘估標的之總收入。
二、推算閒置及其他原因所造成之收入損失。
三、第一款總收入扣除前款收入損失後之餘額為勘估標的之有效總收入。
前項第一款所稱總收入,指價格日期當時勘估標的按法定用途出租或營運
,在正常情況下所獲得之租金或收入之數額。
第 37 條  
推算總收入及有效總收入時,應與下列相關資料校核比較:
一、勘估標的往年之總收入及有效總收入。
二、相同產業或具替代性比較標的總收入及有效總收入。
三、目前或未來可能之計畫收入。
第 38 條  
勘估標的總費用之推算,應根據相同或相似不動產所支出之費用資料或會
計報表所載資料加以推算,其項目包括地價稅或地租、房屋稅、保險費、
管理費及維修費等。其為營運性不動產者,並應加計營運費用。
以不動產證券化為估價目的者,其折現現金流量分析之總費用應依信託計
畫資料加以推算。
第 39 條  
勘估標的總費用之推算,應推估不動產構成項目中,於耐用年數內需重置
部分之重置提撥費,並按該支出之有效使用年期及耗損比率分年攤提。
第 40 條  
勘估標的總費用之推算,除推算勘估標的之各項費用外,勘估標的包含建
物者,應加計建物之折舊提存費,或於計算收益價格時,除考量建物收益
資本化率或折現率外,應加計建物價格日期當時價值未來每年折舊提存率
。
第 41 條  
建物價格日期當時價值未來每年折舊提存率,得依下列方式計算:
建物價格日期當時價值未來每年折舊提存率=折舊率/(1 -累積折舊率
)。
前項折舊率,依成本法相關規定估計之。
第 42 條  
有效總收入減總費用即為淨收益。
前項淨收益為營運性不動產之淨收益者,應扣除不屬於不動產所產生之其
他淨收益。
第 43 條 附件檔案
收益資本化率或折現率應依下列方式擇一決定:
一、收益資本化率或折現率應考慮銀行定期存款利率、政府公債利率、不
    動產投資之風險性、貨幣變動狀況及不動產價格之變動趨勢等因素,
    選擇最具一般性財貨之投資報酬率為基準,比較觀察該投資財貨與勘
    估標的個別特性之差異,並就流通性、風險性、增值性及管理上之難
    易程度等因素加以比較決定之。
二、選擇數個與勘估標的相同或相似之比較標的,以其淨收益除以價格後
    ,以所得之商數加以比較決定之。
三、依加權平均資金成本方式決定,其計算式如下:
                          n
    收益資本化率或折現率=Σ WiKi
                          i=1
    其中:
                                          n
    Wi:第 i  個資金來源占總資金成本比例,Σ Wi=1。
                                          i=1
    Ki:為第 i  個資金來源之利率或要求報酬率。
四、依債務保障比率方式決定,其計算式如下:
    收益資本化率或折現率=債務保障比率×貸款常數×貸款資金占不動
    產價格比率
五、考量市場上類似不動產每年淨收益占每年有效總收入之合理淨收益率
    ,及類似不動產合理價格除以每年有效總收入之有效總收入乘數,以
    下列公式計算之:
    收益資本化率或折現率=淨收益率/有效總收入乘數
    收益資本化率或折現率之決定有採取其他方法計算之必要時,應於估
    價報告書中敘明。

(備      註:因條文排版無法完整呈現計算式,計算式請參閱相關圖表
  )
第 44 條  
土地收益價格依下列計算式求取之。
一、地上無建物者:
    土地收益價格=土地淨收益/土地收益資本化率或折現率
二、地上有建物者:
    土地收益價格=(房地淨收益-建物淨收益)/土地收益資本化率或
    折現率
建物淨收益依下列計算式求取之。
一、已扣除折舊提存費者:
    建物淨收益=建物成本價格×建物收益資本化率或折現率
二、未扣除折舊提存費者:
    建物折舊前淨收益=建物成本價格×(建物收益資本化率或折現率+
    建物價格日期當時價值未來每年折舊提存率)
第 45 條  
建物收益價格依下列計算式求取之:
一、已扣除折舊提存費者:
(一)建物收益價格=建物淨收益/建物收益資本化率或折現率
(二)建物收益價格=(房地淨收益-土地淨收益)/建物收益資本化率
      或折現率
二、未扣除折舊提存費者:
(一)建物收益價格=建物折舊前淨收益/(建物收益資本化率或折現率
      +建物價格日期當時價值未來每年折舊提存率)
(二)建物收益價=(房地折舊前淨收益-土地淨收益)/(建物收益資
      本化率或折現率+建物價格日期當時價值未來每年折舊提存率)
前項土地淨收益,可先以比較法求取土地比較價格後,再乘以土地收益資
本化率或折現率得之。
第 46 條  
推算房地收益價格時,依下列方式計算之:
房地收益價格=房地淨收益/房地綜合收益資本化率或折現率
房地綜合收益資本化率或折現率除依第四十三條決定外,亦得依下列計算
式求取之。
一、已扣除折舊提存費者:
    房地綜合收益資本化率或折現率=土地收益資本化率或折現率×土地
    價值比率+建物收益資本率或折現率×建物價值比率
二、未扣除折舊提存費者:
    房地綜合收益資本化率或折現率=土地收益資本化率或折現率×土地
    價值比率+(建物收益資本化率或折現率+建物價格日期當時價值未
    來每年折舊提存率)×建物價值比率
前項所稱土地價值比率及建物價值比率,應參酌當地市場調查資料,運用
估價方法計算之。
第 47 條 附件檔案
一定期間之收益價格,依下列計算式求取:
              1
      1-───────
          (1+r)n’
P=a×─────────
              r
其中:
P :收益價格
a :平均一年期間折舊前淨收益
r :收益資本化率
n ’:可收益之年數

收益價格已知者,適用該公式反推平均一年期間折舊前淨收益。
一定期間終止後,有期末價值者,收益價格得加計該期末價值之現值,期
末價值並得扣除處分不動產所需之相關費用。

(備      註:因條文排版無法完整呈現計算式,計算式請參閱相關圖表
  )
      第 三 節 成本法
第 48 條  
成本法,指求取勘估標的於價格日期之重建成本或重置成本,扣減其累積
折舊額或其他應扣除部分,以推算勘估標的價格之方法。
依前項方法所求得之價格為成本價格。
建物估價以求取重建成本為原則。但建物使用之材料目前已無生產或施工
方法已改變者,得採重置成本替代之。
重建成本,指使用與勘估標的相同或極類似之建材標準、設計、配置及施
工品質,於價格日期重新複製建築所需之成本。
重置成本,指與勘估標的相同效用之建物,以現代建材標準、設計及配置
,於價格日期建築所需之成本。
第 49 條  
成本法估價之程序如下:
一、蒐集資料。
二、現況勘察。
三、調查、整理、比較及分析各項成本及相關費用等資料。
四、選擇適當方法推算營造或施工費。
五、推算其他各項費用及利潤。
六、計算總成本。
七、計算建物累積折舊額。
八、計算成本價格。
第 50 條  
成本法估價除依第十一條規定蒐集資料外,另得視需要申請及蒐集下列土
地及建物所需資料:
一、土地開發及建築構想計畫書。
二、設計圖說。
三、相關許可或執照。
四、施工計畫書。
五、竣工圖。
六、使用執照。
七、登記(簿)謄本或建物平面位置圖。
第 51 條  
成本法估價應蒐集與勘估標的同一供需圈內之下列資料:
一、各項施工材料、人工之價格水準。
二、營造、施工、規劃、設計、廣告、銷售、管理及稅捐等費用資料。
三、資本利率。
四、開發或建築利潤率。
第 52 條  
勘估標的之總成本應包括之各項成本及相關費用如下:
一、營造或施工費。
二、規劃設計費。
三、廣告費、銷售費。
四、管理費。
五、稅捐及其他負擔。
六、資本利息。
七、開發或建築利潤。
前項勘估標的為土地或包含土地者,總成本應加計價格日期當時之土地價
格。
總成本各項計算過程應核實填寫於成本價格計算表內。
第 53 條  
勘估標的之營造或施工費,項目如下:
一、直接材料費。
二、直接人工費。
三、間接材料費。
四、間接人工費。
五、管理費。
六、稅捐。
七、資本利息。
八、營造或施工利潤。
第 54 條  
勘估標的之營造或施工費,得按下列方法擇一求取之:
一、直接法:指就勘估標的之構成部分或全體,調查其使用材料之種別、
    品級、數量及所需勞力種別、時間等,並以勘估標的所在地區於價格
    日期之各種單價為基礎,計算其營造或施工費。
二、間接法:指就同一供需圈內近鄰地區或類似地區中選擇與勘估標的類
    似之比較標的或標準建物,經比較與勘估標的營造或施工費之條件差
    異並作價格調整,以求取勘估標的營造或施工費。
第 55 條  
直接法分為下列二種:
一、淨計法:指就勘估標的所需要各種建築材料及人工之數量,逐一乘以
    價格日期當時該建築材料之單價及人工工資,並加計管理費、稅捐、
    資本利息及利潤。
二、單位工程法:係以建築細部工程之各項目單價乘以該工程施工數量,
    並合計之。
第 56 條  
間接法分為下列二種:
一、工程造價比較法:指按工程概算項目逐項比較勘估標的與比較標的或
    標準建物之差異,並依工程價格及工程數量比率進行調整,以求取勘
    估標的營造或施工費。
二、單位面積(或體積)比較法:指以類似勘估標的之比較標的或標準建
    物之單位面積(或體積)營造或施工費單價為基礎,經比較並調整價
    格後,乘以勘估標的之面積(或體積)總數,以求取勘估標的營造或
    施工費。
前項所稱標準建物,指按營造或施工費標準表所營造或施工之建物。
前項營造或施工費標準表應由不動產估價師公會全國聯合會(以下簡稱全
聯會)按不同主體構造種類及地區公告之。未公告前,應依直轄市或縣(
市)政府發布地價調查用建築改良物標準單價表為準。
第 57 條  
勘估標的為建物時,規劃設計費按內政部所定建築師酬金標準表及直轄市
或縣(市)政府發布之建造執照工程造價表計算之,或按實際營造施工費
之百分之二至百分之三推估之。
第 58 條  
勘估標的之資本利息應依分期投入資本數額及資本使用年數,按自有資金
與借貸資金分別計息,其自有資金與借貸資金比例,應依銀行一般放款成
數定之。
前項資本利息之計算,應按營造施工費、規劃設計費、廣告費、銷售費、
管理費、稅捐及其他負擔之合計額乘以利率計算。
第一項勘估標的為土地或包含土地者,前項合計額應另加計土地價格。
第 59 條  
資金中自有資金之計息利率應不高於一年期定存利率且不低於活存利率;
借款則以銀行短期放款利率計息;預售收入之資金應不計息。
第 60 條  
勘估標的之開發或建築利潤應視工程規模、開發年數與經濟景氣等因素,
按營造或施工費、規劃設計費、廣告費、銷售費、管理費、資本利息、稅
捐及其他負擔之合計額乘以適當利潤率計算之。
前項利潤率應由全聯會定期公告;未公告前依營造或建築業之平均經營利
潤率為準,並得依開發或建物形態之不同,考量經營風險及開發或建築工
期之長短酌予調整之。
前項建築工期指自申請建造執照開始至建築完成達到可交屋使用為止無間
斷所需之時間。
第一項勘估標的為土地或包含土地者,合計額應另加計土地價格。
第 61 條  
廣告費、銷售費、管理費及稅捐等費率,應由全聯會定期公告,未公告前
應依下列規定推估之。但因情況特殊並於估價報告書中敘明者,其費率之
推估,不在此限:
一、廣告費、銷售費按總成本之百分之四至百分之五推估。
二、管理費按總成本之百分之三至百分之四推估。公寓大廈管理條例規定
    設立公共基金者,應列於管理費項下,並得提高管理費用率為百分之
    四至百分之五。
三、稅捐按總成本之百分之零點五至百分之一點二推估,或就勘估標的之
    地價稅、營業稅等稅捐,按實際情形估算之。
第 62 條  
廣告費、銷售費、管理費、稅捐及開發或建築利潤,視勘估標的之性質,
於成本估價時得不予計入。
第 63 條  
未完工之建物應依實際完成部分估價,或以標準建物之營造或施工費標準
表為基礎,參考建物工程進度營造費用比例表估算之。
前項建物工程進度營造費用比例表,由全聯會公告之。
第 64 條  
因特殊狀況致土地或建物投資無法產生相對正常報酬之成本,於成本估價
時得不予計入或於折舊中扣除,並應於估價報告書中敘明。
第 65 條  
建物折舊額計算應以經濟耐用年數為主,必要時得以物理耐用年數計算。
經濟耐用年數指建物因功能或效益衰退至不值得使用所經歷之年數。
物理耐用年數指建物因自然耗損或外力破壞至結構脆弱而不堪使用所經歷
之年數。
建物之經歷年數大於其經濟耐用年數時,應重新調整經濟耐用年數。
第 66 條  
建物經濟耐用年數表由全聯會依建物之經濟功能及使用效益,按不同主體
構造種類及地區公告之。
第 67 條  
建物之殘餘價格率應由全聯會公告,未公告前得視該建物之狀況及社會習
慣判定之。但不得超過百分之十。
建物耐用年數終止後確實無殘餘價格者,於計算折舊時不予提列。
第一項殘餘價格率指建物於經濟耐用年數屆滿後,其所剩餘之結構材料及
內部設備仍能於市場上出售之價格占建物總成本之比例。
第 68 條 附件檔案
建物累積折舊額之計算,以定額法為原則,公式如下:
Dn=C×〔(1-s)/N〕×n
其中:
Dn:累積折舊額。
C :建物總成本。
s :殘餘價格率。
n :已經歷年數。
N :耐用年數。
前項累積折舊額有採取下列方法計算之必要者,應於估價報告書中敘明:
一、定率法,公式如下:
    Dn=C〔1-(1-d)n〕
    其中:
    Dn:累積折舊額。
    C :建物總成本。
    n :已經歷年數。
    d :定率法折舊率。
二、償債基金法,公式如下:

          C×(1-s)×i  (1+i)n-1
    Dn=─────────×────────
          (1+i)N-1        i

    其中:
    Dn:累積折舊額。
    C :建物總成本。
    s :殘餘價格率。
    n :已經歷年數。
    N :耐用年數。
    i :利率。
三、其他經中央主管機關認定之方法。
建物累積折舊額之計算,除考量物理與功能因素外,並得按個別建物之實
際構成部分與使用狀態,考量經濟因素,觀察維修及整建情形,推估建物
之剩餘經濟耐用年數,加計已經歷年數,求算耐用年數,並於估價報告書
中敘明。

(備      註:因條文排版無法完整呈現公式,公式請參閱相關圖表)
第 69 條  
成本價格之計算公式如下:
一、土地成本價格=土地總成本。
二、建物成本價格=建物總成本—建物累積折舊額。或建物成本價格=建
    物總成本×〔1-(年折舊率×經歷年數)〕。
三、房地成本價格=土地成本價格+建物成本價格。
前項土地成本價格之求取有困難者,得以比較價格或收益價格替代之,並
於估價報告書中敘明。
第 70 條  
土地開發分析,指根據土地法定用途、使用強度進行開發與改良所導致土
地效益之變化,估算開發或建築後總銷售金額,扣除開發期間之直接成本
、間接成本、資本利息及利潤後,求得開發前或建築前土地開發分析價格
。
第 71 條  
土地開發分析估價之程序如下:
一、確定土地開發內容及預期開發時間。
二、調查各項成本及相關費用並蒐集市場行情等資料。
三、現況勘察並進行環境發展程度之調查及分析。
四、估算開發或建築後可銷售之土地或建物面積。
五、估算開發或建築後總銷售金額。
六、估算各項成本及相關費用。
七、選擇適當之利潤率及資本利息綜合利率。
八、計算土地開發分析價格。
第 72 條  
土地開發分析估價除依第十一條規定蒐集資料外,另得視需要蒐集下列土
地及建物所需資料:
一、開發構想計畫書。
二、建築設計圖說或土地規劃配置圖說。
三、建照申請書或建造執照。
四、營造或施工費資料。
五、規劃、設計、廣告、銷售、管理及稅捐等費用資料。
六、資本利率。
七、開發或建築利潤率。
第 73 條  
現況勘察與環境發展程度之調查及分析包括下列事項:
一、調查影響總銷售金額、成本及費用等因素。
二、確認勘估標的之工程進度、施工及環境狀況並攝製必要照片。
三、市場交易資料之蒐集、調查。
四、週遭環境土地建物及公共設施開發程度。
第 74 條  
開發或建築後可銷售之土地或建物面積應依下列原則估算之:
一、依建造執照及建築設計圖說或土地開發許可文件及規劃配置圖計算之
    面積。
二、未取得建造執照或土地開發許可文件時應按相關法令規定下最有效使
    用之狀況,根據土地之地形、地勢並參酌當地市場狀況等因素估算其
    可銷售面積。
前項可銷售面積之計算過程應詳列計算式以便校核。
第 75 條  
開發或建築後預期總銷售金額應按開發或建築後可銷售之土地或建物面積
乘以推定之銷售單價計算之。
可銷售面積中之各部分銷售單價不同時,應詳列各部分面積及適用之單價
。
前項銷售單價應考量價格日期當時銷售可實現之價值,以比較法或收益法
求取之。
第 76 條  
土地建築開發之直接成本、間接成本項目如下:
一、直接成本:營造或施工費。
二、間接成本,其內容如下:
(一)規劃設計費。
(二)廣告費、銷售費。
(三)管理費。
(四)稅捐及其他負擔。
第 77 條  
廣告費、銷售費、管理費及稅捐等費率,應由全聯會定期公告,未公告前
應依下列規定推估之。但因情況特殊並於估價報告書中敘明者,不在此限
:
一、廣告費、銷售費按總銷售金額之百分之四至百分之五推估。
二、管理費按總銷售金額之百分之三至百分之四推估。依公寓大廈管理條
    例規定設立公共基金者,應列於管理費項下,並得提高費率為百分之
    四至百分之五。
三、稅捐按總銷售金額之百分之零點五至百分之一點二推估,或就勘估標
    的之地價稅、營業稅等稅捐,按實際情形估算之。
第 78 條  
土地開發分析之規劃設計費與利潤率應依第五十七條及第六十條規定計算
之。
第 79 條  
土地開發分析之資本利息綜合利率,應依第五十八條及第五十九條規定計
算資本利息年利率,並參考下列公式計算之:
資本利息綜合利率=資本利息年利率×(土地價值比率+建物價值比率×
1/2)×開發年數。
勘估標的資本利息負擔特殊,或土地取得未立即營造施工者,資本利息綜
合利率得再就前項規定之二分之一部分調整計算,並於估價報告書中敘明
。
第一項建物價值比率之建物價值,得以營造施工費加計規劃設計費計算之
。
第 80 條  
開發年數之估計應自價格日期起至開發完成為止無間斷所需之時間。
第 81 條  
土地開發分析價格之計算公式如下:
V=〔S÷(1+R)÷(1+i)-(C+M)〕
其中:
V :土地開發分析價格。
S :開發或建築後預期總銷售金額。
R :適當之利潤率。
C :開發或建築所需之直接成本。
M :開發或建築所需之間接成本。
i :開發或建築所需總成本之資本利息綜合利率。
第 82 條  
全聯會依第五十六條、第六十條、第六十一條、第六十三條、第六十六條
、第六十七條及第七十七條公告之資料,應先報請中央主管機關備查。
   第 四 章 宗地估價
      第 一 節 通則
第 83 條  
以合併或分割為前提之宗地估價,應考慮合併或分割前後之價格變動情形
,而予酌量增減。
第 84 條  
數筆土地合併為一宗進行土地利用之估價,應以合併後土地估價,並以合
併前各筆土地價值比例分算其土地價格。
非以合併一宗進行土地利用為目的之數筆相連土地,其屬同一土地所有權
人所有者,比照前項規定計算。
第 85 條  
一宗土地內有數種不同法定用途時,應考量其最有效使用及各種用途之相
關性及分割之難易度後,決定分別估價或依主要用途估價。
第 86 條  
附有建物之宗地估價,應考慮該建物對該宗地價格造成之影響。
第 87 條  
對即將進行開發之宗地,可採土地開發分析進行估價,並參酌比較法之評
估結果決定其估價額。
第 88 條  
土地之上下因有其他設施通過,致使用受限制之宗地,應先估算其正常價
格,再考量該設施通過造成土地利用之影響,並計算其地價減損額後,從
正常價格中扣除之,以其餘額為該宗地之價格。
第 89 條  
受有土壤或地下水污染之土地,應先估算其未受污染之正常價格,再依據
委託人提供之土壤污染檢測資料,考量該土壤或地下水污染之影響,並計
算其地價減損額後,從正常價格中扣除之,以其餘額為該宗地之價格。
      第 二 節 特殊宗地估價
第 90 條  
溫泉地之估價,應考慮溫泉地之水權內容、開發成本、水量、水質、水溫
、當地之交通情形、相關設施及遊客人數等影響溫泉地價格之因素。
第 91 條  
高爾夫球場之估價,應考慮會員制度、球場設施、開發成本、收益及營運
費用等因素。
第 92 條  
林地之估價,得視林木之成長情形而分別採取比較法、收益法及成本法估
計之。於採成本法估價時,其總費用之計算,應考量造林費、林地改良費
及道路開挖費用。
第 93 條  
農場或牧場之估價,以比較法估價為原則。無買賣實例者,得以附近土地
價格為基礎,考慮其位置、形狀、地形、土壤特性及利用狀況等差異,比
較推估之。
第 94 條  
鹽田之估價,以比較法估價為原則。無買賣實例者,得以附近土地價格為
基礎,考慮其日照、通風、位置及形狀等差異,比較推估之。
第 95 條  
池沼之估價,以比較法估價為原則。無買賣實例者,得以附近土地價格為
基礎,考慮位置、形狀、利用狀況等差異,比較推估之。
第 96 條  
墓地之估價,以比較法估價為原則。無買賣實例者,得參酌政府機關徵收
補償標準訂定之補償額估計之。
第 97 條  
公共設施用地及公共設施保留地之估價,以比較法估價為原則。無買賣實
例者,得比較其與毗鄰土地使用分區及使用強度差異,及土地價值減損情
況,並斟酌毗鄰土地平均價格為基礎推算之。
   第 五 章 房地估價
第 98 條  
區分所有建物之估價,應就專有部分、共用部分之比例及基地權利合併估
價,並考量其與比較標的之樓層別效用比及位置差異作適當之調整。
前項樓層別效用比,由全聯會按不同地區所蒐集之案例公告,供前項調整
之參考,並依市場行情及地方習慣推估之。
第 99 條  
以勘估標的之房地價格推估其基地單價時,得以下列方式估計之:
一、勘估標的之基地價格=勘估標的之房地價格-勘估標的之建物成本價
    格。
二、勘估標的之基地單價=勘估標的之基地價格/勘估標的之基地面積。
勘估標的之土地價值比率及建物價值比率已知者,以勘估標的之房地價格
推估其基地單價時,亦得以下列方式估計之:
一、勘估標的之基地價格=勘估標的之房地價格×土地價值比率
二、勘估標的之基地單價=勘估標的之基地價格/勘估標的之基地面積。
前項所稱土地價值比率及建物價值比率,應參酌當地市場調查資料,運用
估價方法計算之。
第 100 條  
前條勘估標的屬區分所有建物時,以其房地價格推估該區分所有建物基地
單價時,得以下列方式估計之:
一、該區分所有建物基地權利價格=該區分所有建物房地價格-該區分所
    有建物之建物成本價格。
二、該區分所有建物之基地權利單價=該區分所有建物基地權利價格/該
    區分所有建物之基地持分面積。
三、基地單價=該區分所有建物之基地權利單價×平均地價分配率/該區
    分所有建物之地價分配率。
前項第三款該區分所有建物之地價分配率公式如下:
該區分所有建物之地價分配率=該區分所有建物之樓層別效用比-平均樓
層別效用比×全棟建物成本價格占全棟房地總價格比率。
第 101 條  
勘估標的之土地價值比率及建物價值比率已知者,前條以房地價格推估該
區分所有建物基地單價,亦得以下列方式估計之:
一、該區分所有建物基地權利價格=該區分所有建物房地價格×土地價值
    比率
二、該區分所有建物之基地權利單價=該區分所有建物基地權利價格/該
    區分所有建物之基地持分面積。
三、該區分所有建物之基地單價=該區分所有建物之基地權利單價×平均
    樓層別效用比/該區分所有建物之樓層別效用比
前項所稱土地價值比率及建物價值比率,應參酌當地市場調查資料,運用
估價方法計算之。
第 102 條  
實際建築使用之容積率超過法定容積率之房地估價,應以實際建築使用合
法部分之現況估價,並敘明法定容積對估值之影響。
第 103 條  
附有違章建築之房地估價,其違建部分不予以評估。但委託人要求評估其
價值,並就合法建物及違建部分於估價報告書中分別標示各該部分之價格
者,不在此限。
第 104 條  
未達最有效使用狀態之房地估價,應先求取其最有效使用狀態之正常價格
,再視其低度使用情況進行調整。
第 105 條  
建物原核定用途與現行土地使用管制不符之合法建物,應以現行土地使用
分區管制允許之建物用途估價,並就其與建物法定用途估價之差額於估價
報告書中敘明。
第 106 條  
建物已不具備使用價值,得將其基地視為素地估價。但應考量建物拆除成
本予以調整之。
   第 六 章 土地改良物估價
第 107 條  
土地改良物之分類,依土地法第五條規定。
第 108 條  
建物估價,以成本法估價為原則。
辦理建物估價時,其附屬設施得一併估計之。
第 109 條  
本規則所稱農作改良物之估價,指附著於土地之果樹、茶樹、竹類、觀賞
花木、造林木及其他各種農作物之估價。
第 110 條  
農作改良物之估價,應依其類別,考量其生產環境、農業災害、生產技術
、生產期間、樹齡大小、生長情形、結果習性、管理狀況及農業設施等因
素估計之。
第 111 條  
農作改良物之估價方式如下:
一、農作改良物幼小且距孳息成熟期尚長者,依其種植及培育費用,並視
    作物生長情況估計之。
二、農作改良物接近孳息成熟期者,應估計其收穫量及市場價格,必要時
    得扣減價格日期至作物孳息成熟期間收成所應投入之費用。
三、農作改良物距成熟期一年以上,且有期待收穫價值者,得以產地價格
    為基礎,推估未來收穫價格後,折算為價格日期之價格。但應扣除價
    格日期至作物孳息成熟期間收成所應投入之費用。
第 112 條  
附著於土地之工事及水利土壤之改良,以成本法估價為原則。但得斟酌比
較法及收益法估價之結果,決定其估價額。
第 113 條  
受有土壤及地下水污染之建物,應先估算其未受污染之正常價格,再依據
委託人提供之土壤污染檢測資料,考量該土壤及地下水污染之影響,並計
算其減損額後,從正常價格中扣除之,以其餘額為該建物之價格。
   第 七 章 權利估價
第 114 條  
權利估價,包括地上權、典權、永佃權、地役權、耕作權、抵押權、租賃
權、容積移轉及都市更新權利變換之估價。
第 115 條  
權利估價,應考慮契約內容、權利存續期間、權利登記狀況、相關法令規
定、民間習俗及正常市場權利狀態等影響權利價值之因素估計之。
第 116 條  
地上權估價,應考慮其用途、權利存續期間、支付地租之有無、權利讓與
之限制及地上權設定之空間位置等因素估計之。
第 117 條  
典權估價,應考慮權利存續期間、權利讓與之限制等因素,以典價為基礎
估計之。
第 118 條  
永佃權估價,應考慮佃租支付情形、民間習俗等因素估計之。
第 119 條  
地役權估價,應考慮需役地與供役地之使用情況、權利存續期間、地役權
使用性質、民間習俗等因素估計之。
第 120 條  
耕作權估價,應考慮耕作期間、權利登記狀況、相關法令規定等因素估計
之。
第 121 條  
抵押權估價,應估計價格日期當時勘估標的正常價格,以實際債權額為基
礎,考慮其他順位抵押權設定狀況、流通性、風險性、增值性及執行上之
難易程度等因素調整估計之。
第 122 條  
租賃權估價,應考慮契約內容、用途、租期、租金支付方式、使用目的及
使用情形等因素估計之。
第 123 條  
容積移轉估價,應考慮容積送出基地、接受基地及其他影響不動產價格及
相關法令等因素估計之。
第 124 條  
都市更新權利變換估價,其評估項目應依都市更新條例及都市更新權利變
換實施辦法規定辦理。
第 125 條  
權利變換前為區分所有建物者,得以全棟建物之土地價值比率及建物價值
比率,分算各區分所有建物房地總價之土地權利價值及建物權利價值,公
式如下:
一、各區分所有建物之土地權利價值=各區分所有建物房地總價×土地價
    值比率
二、各區分所有建物之建物權利價值=各區分所有建物房地總價×建物價
    值比率
前項土地價值比率及建物價值比率之計算公式如下:

土地                    素地單價×基地總面積
價值=─────────────────────────────
比率  素地單價×基地總面積+〔營造或施工費單價×(1-累積折舊率
      )×全棟建物面積〕
      

建物    營造或施工費單價×(1-累積折舊率)×全棟建物面積
價值=─────────────────────────────
比率  素地單價×基地總面積+〔營造或施工費單價×(1-累積折舊率
      )×全棟建物面積〕
第 126 條  
權利變換前區分所有建物之基地使用容積未達法定容積,且其基地總價值
低於區分所有建物坐落基地之素地總價值者,各區分所有建物之土地權利
價值,計算方式如下:
一、依前條規定計算土地價值比率。
二、未達法定容積之各區分所有建物土地權利價值 = 未達法定容積之各
    區分所有建物房地總價×土地價值比率
三、各區分所有建物土地權利價值比率=未達法定容積之各區分所有建物
    土地權利價值/Σ未達法定容積之各區分所有建物土地權利總價
四、各區分所有建物土地權利價值=區分所有建物坐落基地之素地總價值
    ×各區分所有建物土地權利價值比率
第 127 條  
權利變換前之基地未建築使用者,以素地價值推估其土地權利價值。
第 128 條  
權利變換後區分所有建物及其土地應有部分,應考量都市更新權利變換計
畫之建築計畫、建材標準、設備等級、工程造價水準及更新前後樓層別效
用比關聯性等因素,以都市更新評價基準日當時之新成屋價格查估之。
   第 八 章 租金估價
第 129 條  
不動產之租金估計應考慮契約內容、租期長短、使用目的、稅費負擔、租
金水準、變遷狀態、租約更新、變更條件及其他相關因素估計之。
第 130 條  
不動產租金估計,以估計勘估標的之實質租金為原則。
前項所稱實質租金,指承租人每期支付予出租人之租金,加計押金或保證
金、權利金及其他相關運用收益之總數。
第 131 條  
不動產租金估計,應視新訂租約與續訂租約分別為之。
第 132 條  
新訂租約之租金估計,得採下列方式為之:
一、以新訂租約之租賃實例為比較標的,運用比較法估計之。
二、以勘估標的價格乘以租金收益率,以估計淨收益,再加計必要費用。
三、分析企業經營之總收入,據以估計勘估標的在一定期間內之淨收益,
    再加計必要費用。
第 133 條  
續訂租約之租金估計,得採下列方式為之:
一、以續訂租約之租賃實例為比較標的,運用比較法估計之。
二、以勘估標的於價格日期當時之正常價格為基礎,乘以續租之租金收益
    率,以估計淨收益,再加計必要費用。
三、以勘估標的原契約租金之淨收益,就其租金變動趨勢調整後,再加計
    必要費用。
四、分析勘估標的原契約租金與市場經濟租金之差額中,應歸屬於出租人
    之適當部分,加計契約租金。
   第 九 章 附則
第 134 條  
本規則自發布日施行。
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Print Time:2010/09/28 14:21

Article Content
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Title Regulations on Real Estate Appraisal Chinese
Amended Date 2006.06.12
 
Chapter I General Principles
Article 1   This regulation is instituted in accordance with paragraph 1 of Article 19 of Real Estate Appraiser Act.
Article 2   The definitions of the terms referred to in this Act are as follows:
1. Market value: the reasonable value, expressed as a monetary amount, of a marketable real estate whose transaction is formed with willing buyers and sellers whose actions are prudent and guided by professional knowledge and under no influence of coercion. This transaction is completed through appropriate marketing and under normal conditions.
2. Specific market value: the value, expressed as a monetary amount, of a marketable real estate formed under one of the below specific market conditions; for purpose of amalgamation of ownership on a real estate with rights other than ownership, for purpose of merger of real estates, or for purpose of division of real estates that is against the economic rationality.
3. Specified market value: the value, expressed as a monetary amount, of a marketable real estate that is formed under specified market conditions.
4. Special value: the estimated value, expressed as a monetary amount, of a non-marketable real estate.
5. Market rent: the reasonable rental, expressed as a monetary amount, of a marketable real estate whose tenancy is agreed to with willing landlords and tenants whose actions are prudent and guided by professional knowledge and are under no influence of coercion. This tenancy is completed through appropriate marketing and under normal conditions.
6. Specific rent: the rental value, expressed as a monetary amount, formed for the purpose of lease renewal or amalgamation of real estates.
7. Date of value opinion: the effective date for the value of a real estate.
8. Date of property inspection: the date that a real estate appraiser undertakes investigation and analysis on the site of the subject property.
9. The subject property: land, buildings, crops and interest upon them, which is appraised by a real estate appraiser commissioned.
10. The comparable property: a property comparable with the subject property after adjusting their differences in respect of property conditions, transaction date, local factor, and individual factor.
11. Primary market area: the geographic area within which the subject property and comparable properties are substitutable and affect prices each other.
12. Neighborhood area: the geographic area with a high level of homogeneity within which a number of properties are surrounded by subject property or comparable properties which possess same or similar use purposes with those properties.
13. Similar area: the geographic area inside a primary market area but outside the neighborhood area within which a number of properties are found to possess similar use purposes with that of the subject property.
14. General factors: the common factors in respect of natural, political, social and economic conditions that comprehensively affect the real estate market and property price.
15. Local factors: the factors that affect the price of properties between different neighborhood areas.
16. Individual factors: the factors that affect the property price due to property-specific characteristics.
17. Highest and best use: the legally permissible, physically possible, appropriately justified and financially feasible use?that maximizes the highest benefit on land, and initiated by people who are objectively with reasonable sense and general capability.
Article 3   A Real estate appraiser should regularly gather information of real estate price related to supply and demand, environmental transitions, population, residents’ habit, public facilities, transportation, income level, industry structure, financial market, profit level in real estate business, land use planning, regulation and present use, natural disaster, future development, and other essential data as the basis of tracing real estate price.
Article 4   A Real estate appraiser should regularly collect cases of comparable properties and information with respect to their transaction, income and cost, and also verify the reliability of collected information.
The information specified in the preceding paragraph could be obtained from the persons concerned, neighbors, other real estate appraisers, real estate brokers, land administration agents, land administration departments, financial institutions, public land management institutions, judicial institutions, mass medias, or other relevant sectors.
Article 5   A real estate appraiser should undertake appraisal, including investigation, survey, compilation, comparison, analysis, and adjustment using logic and rules of thumb in an objective and impartial manner.
Article 6   The appraised value of a real estate should be in correspondence with its value on the date of value opinion. The types of value include market value, specific market value, specified market value and special value. The types of rent include market rent and specific rent.
The type of value should be specified in an appraisal report. When appraising the specific or specified market value, the appraisal conditions should be stated, and the market value also be appraised.
Article 7   The area of properties appraised according to this regulation is the registered area for properties already registered. The area should be investigated and specified for a property that has not yet been registered or for a property only part of it is appraised.
Chapter II Appraisal Procedure
Article 8   The real estate appraisal procedures are as follows:
1. Identification of basic appraisal matters.
2. Drafting an appraisal plan.
3. Collecting data.
4. Verification of the conditions of the subject property.
5. Compiling, comparing and analyzing data.
6. Appraising the subject property by applying appraisal approaches.
7. Reconciliation of the value of the subject property.
8. Writing up the appraisal report.
Article 9   Basic appraisal matters identified are as follows:
1. Contents of the subject property.
2. Date of value opinion.
3. Type of value and its conditions.
4. Purpose of appraisal.
Article 10   Items included in drafting an appraised plan are as follows:
1. Identification of detailed procedures.
2. Estimation of time needed.
3. Estimation of labor demanded.
4. Estimation of expenses.
5. Drafting a progress chart.
Article 11   Data which should be collected for real estate appraisal are as follows:
1. Basic data of location description, right, legal use and zoning, etc. in respect of the subject property.
2. General factors, local factors, and individual factors, which affect the value of subject property.
3. Transactions, revenue, and cost data relevant to the subject property.
Article 12   A real estate appraiser should collect comparable properties according to the principles as follows:
1. The value of comparable properties conforms to the definition of market value, or could be adjusted to market value, or falls into the same type of value as the subject property.
2. The comparable properties are located in the neighborhood area or similar area within the same primary market area as the subject property.
3. With the same or similar use purpose or zoning with the subject property.
4. Date of the formation of value is close to the date of value opinion.
Article 13   The following matters should be investigated on-site to verify conditions of the subject property:
1. Verification of the basic data and legal status of the subject property.
2. Investigation of current use conditions of the subject property and comparable properties.
3. Verification of individual data affecting property value.
4. Taking records and photographing necessary pictures.
Article 14   A real estate appraiser should apply at least two appraising approaches to estimate the value of the subject property. Nevertheless, the above requirement does not apply if special situations exist which prohibit employment of two appraising approaches and these are detailed in an appraisal report.
Article 15   A real estate appraiser should undertake a comprehensive comparison between the indicated values obtained through different approaches, and examine those indicated values that are significantly different from others. The appraiser also needs to reconcile different values and determine the final value of the subject property, based on data reliability, differences in conditions of appraisal types and objectives, and the degree of similarity in formation of values, and specifies the reasons for reaching the final value.
When contract rent is adopted as the basis for distributing trust interest in securities of real estate securitization, income value through discounted cash flow analysis shall, based on the above criterion, be given a greater weight.
Article 16   A real estate appraiser should produce an appraisal report and submit it to the client, after putting a signature or seal.
The matters which should be specified in an appraisal report are as follows:
1. The client(s).
2. Basic data of the subject property.
3. Date of value opinion and date of property inspection.
4. Type of value.
5. Conditions of appraisal.
6. Purpose of appraisal.
7. Appraised value of the subject property.
8. Ownership of and other rights and interests associated with the subject property.
9. Current use of the subject property.
10. Zoning or other regulations imposed on the subject property.
11. Analysis of principal factors affecting property value.
12. Appraisal approaches and appraisal process employed, and reasons for value determination.
13. Other essential matters relevant to appraisal and conditions required to be specified in accordance with this regulation.
14. Name and certificate No. of the real estate appraiser.
Pictures and other data required attaching to the appraisal report.
Article 17   All description of facts in an appraisal report should be clear and definite. All uncertain matters should be stated in the appraisal report with regard to their possible influence on the rights or value of the subject property.
Chapter III Appraisal Approaches
Article 18   Sales comparison approach is a method, which based on the value of the comparable properties is through comparison, analysis, adjustment and other means to estimate the value of the subject property comparing.
The value estimated in accordance with the approach in the previous paragraph is sales comparison value.
Article 19   Definitions of terms referred to in this Section are as follows:
1. Condition adjustments: the adjustments made when some conditions in respect of price formation of the comparable properties differ from normal ones, or when other conditions exist which might influence the price of the comparable properties, such adjustments are made to the part of value which is affected.
2. Date adjustments: the adjustments, caused by the price difference resulting from the time gap between the transaction date of the comparable properties and the date of value of the subject property, such adjustments should be made to the values of the comparable properties to reach an estimated value of the subject property by percentage adjustment or dollar adjustment whichever is deemed appropriate.
3. Local factor adjustments: the adjustments needed because the selected comparable properties are not within the same neighborhood area as the subject property. The values of the comparable properties are adjusted to reflect the difference in location. Price differences due to the local factors between the comparable properties and the subject property should be analyzed and adjusted through every individual item.
4. Individual factor adjustments: the adjustments made to the values of the comparable properties where the adjustments reflect the differences in individual factor between the comparable properties and the subject property, and all individual factor should be analyzed and adjusted.
5. Percentage method: a method in which local and individual factors possibly leading to the value differences between the comparable properties and the subject property are individually compared, and the values of the comparable properties are adjusted according to their comparatively superior or inferior factors to those of the subject property in percentage terms.
6. Dollar method: a method in which local and individual factors possibly leading to the value differences between the comparable properties and the subject property are individually compared, and the values of the comparable properties are adjusted according to their comparatively superior or inferior factors to those of the subject property in dollar terms.
7. Econometric modeling methods: the methods that, following collection of a sufficient number of representative comparables, through analysis of econometric modeling, establish the relationship between the values of comparables and principal price-influencing factors so as to estimate the percentage adjustment and dollar adjustment of those price factors.
Article 20   The following requirements should be met when applying the econometric modeling method in the previous article:
1. A number of comparables at least five times more than the number of independent variables in an econometric model are required.
2. The adjusted coefficient of determination should not be less than 0.7 if a regression model is adopted as the econometric model.
3. The probability of coefficients of all key factors, except the intercept item, simultaneously being equal to zero should not be higher than 0.05.
Article 21   The procedure of sales comparison approach are as follows:
1. Collecting and verifying data related to the comparable properties.
2. Selecting the comparable properties with same or similar characteristics to those of the subject property.
3. Undertaking condition adjustments and date adjustments to the values of the comparable properties.
4. Deciding to employ percentage or dollar adjustments after comparing and analyzing the differences in local and individual factors between the comparable properties and the subject property.
5. Calculating the indicated value of the subject property.
6. Determining the sales comparison value of the subject property.
The indicated value, stated in Subparagraph 5 of the previous paragraph, refers to the value reached after condition adjustments, date adjustments, local factor adjustments and individual factor adjustments to the values of the comparable properties.
Article 22   The following matters in respect of the collected comparable properties should be investigated and verified:
1. Sale price and how the expenses are paid.
2. Sales conditions; if there exist unusual payment methods, and how.
3. Situations in respect of the comparable properties.
4. Sales date.
Matters prescribed in the preceding paragraph difficult to investigate and verify should be specified in an appraisal report.
Article 23   Appropriate adjustments should be made in advance if the following conditions occur in the comparable properties, the comparable properties should not be admitted if the conditions affecting the sale prices could not be effectively taken into consideration and quantitatively adjusted.
1. Rushed buying or selling.
2. Transaction affected by anticipation.
3. Transactions affected by debt.
4. Transactions among relatives.
5. Transactions of fragmented land or land to be assembled with others.
6. Transactions with dispute over the improvement upon land.
7. Auctions by court.
8. Transactions affected by superstition.
9. Transactions including land for public facilities.
10. Contrived transactions.
11. Others.
Article 24   When implementing value adjustments for the value differences between the subject property and the comparable properties to account for the differences in local and individual factors, the percentage adjustment method should the principal method, the dollar adjustment method could also be applied, and however, reasons for this should be specified in the appraisal report.
Article 25   In the process of calculating adjustments to obtain the indicated value, the comparable properties should be judged to differ too much from the subject property and not to be admitted if one of the local factor adjustments and individual factor adjustments, or one of the items of local factor adjustments and individual factor adjustments is over 15%, or the total percentage adjustment is over 30%. The above restrictions do not apply when the subject property is with special conditions or on a special location, thus with scarcity of relevant market sales information, and these are detailed in the appraisal report.
Article 26   The comparatively higher and lower indicated values of the comparable properties should be reexamined. Only the ones, which are examined and believed to be reasonable, could be used as the base for determining the sales comparison value. Those indicated values, after due consideration, whose figures still differ from others by over 20 percents shall be excluded for further application.
The difference of over 20 percents refers to the situation that the difference between the high and low values divided by the averaged figure of all values is over 20 percents.
Article 27   A real estate appraiser should adopt at least three examined indicated values of the comparable properties stated in the preceding article, and take into account the reliability of collected data for comparable properties, as well as the degree of similarity in formation of values between the comparable properties and the subject property to determine the sales comparable value of the subject property, and details the adjustments.
Article 28   Income approach refers to those methods such as direct capitalization method and discounted cash flow analysis. The value estimated according to this approach in the previous paragraph is income value.
Article 29   Direct capitalization method is a method to estimate the value of the subject property which apply an appropriate capitalization rate on the date of value opinion to capitalize the average objective annual net operating income in the future into an indication of value.
Article 30   Direct capitalization method operates as follows:
Income value = the average objective annual net operating income in the future / a capitalization rate
Article 31   Discounted cash flow analysis refers to the method that sums up the discounted net operating incomes over the future periods of analyzing cash flow and the property value at the end of the analysis periods using appropriate discounted rates to estimate the value for the subject property.
Discounted cash flow analysis mentioned in the preceding paragraph is applicable to real estate investment appraisal for investment purpose.
Article 32   The equation of discounted cash flow analysis reads as follows:
P=CFk/(1+Y)k+Pn’/(1+Y)n’
where
P: income value
CFk: net operating income of individual period under analysis
Y: discounted rate
n,: periods of discounted cash flow analysis
k: respective period
Pn: property value at the end of analysis periods
Article 33   Estimation and calculation of the objective net operating income of the subject property should be based on its highest and best use, and should take into account the income of neighboring similar properties based on their highest and best uses.
When discounted cash flow analysis is adopted as the appraisal method for the purpose of real estate securitization, contract rent shall be taken to represent the net operating income over analysis periods for the subject property. This restriction does not apply if special conditions exist thus contract rent is deemed inappropriate and the conditions are detailed in the appraisal report.
When the above contract rent is unknown, the market economic rent shall be used to estimate the objective operating income.
Article 34   The procedures of income approach are as follows:
1. Collecting the data in respect of potential gross income, total expenses, and capitalization rate or discount rate and etc.
2. Estimating effective gross income.
3. Estimating total expenses.
4. Calculating net operating income.
5. Determining capitalization rate or discount rate.
6. Calculating the income value.
Article 35   Data in respect of potential gross income, total expenses, and capitalization rate or discount rate, over the last three years, of the subject property and comparable properties with same or similar characteristics should be gathered when income approach is applied.
If difficulties are encountered with collection of the above last three-year data, relevant details shall be stated in the appraisal report.
When the data specified in paragraph 1 are colleted, their reasonableness should be comprehensively judged to verify the usefulness of those data. The data could also be adjusted according to their persistence, stability, and growth situation.
When collecting potential gross income data according to Article 34, property rent can be estimated so as to verify the reasonableness of the income data.
Article 36   The steps of calculating effective gross income are as follows:
1. Analyzing and estimating the potential gross income of the subject property.
2. Estimating the loss of income caused by vacancy and other reasons.
3. The remaining sum of deducting the loss of income stated in the preceding paragraph from potential gross income stated in the paragraph 1, is the effective gross income of the subject property.
The potential gross income, specified in subparagraph 1 of the preceding paragraph, refers to the amount of rent or revenue, derived from the legal lease or operation of the subject property under normal conditions on the date of value opinion.
Article 37   The following data should be checked and compared with when calculating potential gross income and effective gross income:
1. Potential gross income and effective gross income of the subject property in previous years.
2. Potential gross income and effective gross income in the same industry or of the substitutable comparable properties.
3. Potential planned income, at present or in the future.
Article 38   When estimating total expenses of the subject property, including land value tax or land rent, house tax, insurance premium, management fee, repair costs and etc, the estimation should be based on the expenses or number in accounting reports from identical or similar properties. The total expenses should include operating expenditures for revenue-generating properties.
When appraisal purpose is for real estate securitization, the total expenses in the discounted cash flow analysis shall be estimated based upon the trust plan.
Article 39   When estimating the total expenses of the subject property, the replacement allowance for the components of the property that need to be replaced during its economic life shall be inferred, and these expenditures be allocated on an annual basis based on its effective life and consumption ratio.
Article 40   When estimating the total expenses of the subject property, in addition to all individual expense of this property, for a subject property that comprises a building, the recapture allowance of the building should also be included. Or in the case of estimating income value, not only the capitalization rate or discount rate for building shall be taken into account, but also the future recapture rate, based upon the value as of the date of value opinion for the building.
Article 41   The future recapture rate as of the date of value opinion for a building can be inferred through the following formula:
The future recapture rate as of the date of value opinion for a building can be inferred through the following formula = depreciation rate / (1-accrued depreciation rate)
The above depreciation rate is estimated according to relevant rules specified in cost approach.
Article 42   Net operating income equals effective gross income with deduction of total expenses.
For net operating income described in the preceding paragraph accrued to a revenue-generating property, the net operating income should exclude other net operating income not accrued to the property.
Article 43   Capitalization rate or discount rate should be determined from one of the following methods:
1. The fixed deposit interest rate, government bonds rate, real estate investment risk, money supply-demand variation, the trend of real estate value and etc. should be taken into consideration to decide the likely rate of return on the most common investment as a basis in order to derive the capitalization rate or discount rate. The differences of individual characteristics between the above most common investment and the subject property should be compared in terms of their liquidity, risk, appreciation, and management.
2. Selecting several comparable properties, which are identical with or similar to the subject property, followed by dividing their respective net operating income price and comparing the resulting to determine quotients the capitalization rate.
3. The formula based upon weighted average capital cost is as follows:
Capitalization rate or discount rate
where
Wi: the ratio of the ith capital source to the total capital cost
Ki: interest rate or required rate of return for the ith capital source
4. The formula based upon debt coverage ratio is as follows:
Capitalization rate or discount rate = debt coverage ratio x mortgage constant x the ratio of mortgaged capital to property price
5. The formula based upon the due net operating income rate that is derived as the ratio of annual net operating income to annual effective total income for similar properties in the market, and based upon effective gross income multiplier that is derived as reasonable price divided by annual effective gross income is as follows:
Capitalization rate or discount rate = net operating income rate / effective gross income multiplier
Relevant details are required to be stated in the appraisal report shall a need arise to employ other methods than those specified in this Article to determine capitalization rate or discount rate.
Article 44   Land income value is estimated according to the following calculations:
1. With no building on land:
Land income value = land net operating income / land capitalization rate or discount rate
2. With buildings on land:
Land income value = (built-up property net operating income - building net operating income) / land capitalization rate or discount rate
Building net operating income is estimated according to the following calculations:
1. With deduction of recapture allowance:
Building net operating income = building cost value ×building capitalization rate or discount rate
2. Without deduction of recapture allowance:
Building net operating income prior to recapture allowance = building cost value ×(building capitalization rate or discount rate+ the future recapture rate based upon the value on the date of value opinion)
Article 45   Building income value is estimated according to the following calculations:
1. With deduction of recapture allowance:
Building income value = building net operating income / building capitalization rate or discount rate
Building income value = (built-up property net operating income - land net operating income) / building capitalization rate or discount rate
2. Without deduction of recapture allowance:
Building income value = building net operating income prior to recapture deduction / (building capitalization rate or discount rate+ the future recapture rate based upon the value on the date of value opinion)
Building income value = (built-up property net operating income prior to recapture allowance - land net operating income) / (building capitalization rate or discount rate+ the future recapture rate based upon the value on the date of value opinion)
Land net operating income stated in the above paragraph could be calculated by estimation of land value through sales comparison approach multiplied by land capitalization rate.
Article 46   Built-up property income value is estimated according to the following calculations:
Built-up property income value = built-up property net operating income / built-up property capitalization rate or discount rate
Built-up property capitalization rate or discount rate could be estimated, in addition to specification in Article 43, according to the following formulae:
1. With deduction of recapture allowance:
Built-up property capitalization rate or discount rate = land capitalization rate or discount rate×land value ratio + building capitalization rate or discount rate×building value ratio
2. Without deduction of recapture allowance:
Built-up property capitalization rate or discount rate= land capitalization rate or discount rate×land value ratio + (building capitalization rate or discount rate+ the future recapture rate based upon the value on the date of value opinion) ×building value ratio
Determination of land value ratio and building value ratio mentioned in the preceding paragraph should take into consideration the analysis of data collected from the local property market or the result of other appraisal approaches.
Article 47   The income value over a certain period of time is estimated according to the following calculations:
P=a×
where
P: income value
a: average annual net operating income prior to consideration of recapture
r: capitalization rate
n’: the period of years that the property is able to generate income
Average annual net operating income prior to consideration of recapture could be derived by applying the above formula if the income value is known.
If a period-end value is present, when the period that generates income comes to an end, the discounted present period-end value can be added to the income value. In addition, costs relevant to the disposal of this property at the end of the period can be subtracted from the period-end value.
Article 48   Cost approach refers to an approach to estimating the value of the subject property, by deducting the accrued depreciation or other item due to be subtracted from the reproduction or replacement cost, based on the date of value opinion.
The value estimated according to the approach in the previous paragraph is cost value.
It is the reproduction cost that should be estimated in appraising a building. But the replacement cost could be adopted in the case that the materials in the building construction are no longer in production or the construction method has been changed.
Reproduction cost refers to the cost for duplication of a building using identical or highly similar material standard, design, layout, and construction quality with the subject property on the date of value opinion.
Replacement cost refers to the cost for construction of a building using modern material standard, design, and layout to provide utility equivalent to the subject property on the date of value opinion.
Article 49   The procedures of cost approach are as follows:
1. Collecting data.
2. On-site survey.
3. Investigating, compiling, comparing, and analyzing individual cost and related expenses and etc.
4. Choosing a proper method to estimating construction or building cost.
5. Estimating other costs and profits.
6. Calculating total costs.
7. Estimating accrued depreciation of the building.
8. Calculating cost value.
Article 50   In addition to collecting data specified in Article 11, the following data for land and building are to be applied for and collected if necessary:
1. The proposal of land development and construction outline.
2. Design blueprint.
3. Relevant permission or license.
4. Construction plan booklet.
5. Drawing of a completed building.
6. Operating license.
7. Registration transcript or flat location drawing of a building.
Article 51   In applying cost approach, the following data within the same primary market area with the subject property should be collected:
1. Price level of individual construction material and labor.
2. Costs for building, construction, planning, design, advertisement, sales, management, tax, and etc.
3. Interest rate on capital.
4. Profit rate on development or construction.
Article 52   Total costs of the subject property should include the following costs and related expenses:
1. Building or construction costs.
2. Planning and design fee.
3. Advertisement and sales fee.
4. Management fee.
5. Tax and other burden.
6. Capital interest.
7. Development or construction profit.
For the subject property stated in the preceding paragraph that is land or includes land, its total costs should include the land value on the date of value opinion.
Every calculation process should be accurately stated in the cost value calculation sheet.
Article 53   The construction or building costs of the subject property consist of the following items:
1. Direct material cost.
2. Direct labor cost.
3. Indirect material cost.
4. Indirect labor cost.
5. Management fee.
6. Tax.
7. Capital Interest.
8. Construction or building profit.
Article 54   Construction or building cost of the subject property can be derived according to one of the following methods:
1. Direct method: Investigating the kind, grade and volume of materials employed and kind and time duration of labor needed for the component or whole parts of the subject property, and on the basis of the respective unit price of materials and labor on the date of value opinion in the area where the subject property is located to calculate the construction or building cost.
2. Indirect method: Following the selection of the comparable properties similar to the subject property or the standard building within the neighborhood or similar area of the primary market area, the differences of conditions in respect of construction or building costs between the comparable properties or the standard building and the subject property are compared and adjusted by price to derive the construction or building cost of the subject property.
Article 55   The direct method comprises two approaches as follows:
1. Quantity survey method: Multiplying the unit price and wage by volumes of needed building materials and labor for the subject property added by management fee, tax, capital interest and profit.
2. Unit-in-place method: Multiplying the unit price by volumes of individual item for constructing a building and sum them up.
Article 56   The indirect method comprises two approaches as follows:
1. Building cost comparison method: Comparing the differences of individual preliminary construction items between the subject property and the comparable properties or the standard building to derive the construction or building cost through adjustment by construction price and construction volume ratio.
2. Unit square (or Cubic) method: On the basis of unit square (cubic) construction or building cost of comparable properties or the standard building to adjust price for the differences between them and the subject property by comparison, multiplied by the square (cubic) units of the subject property to derive the construction or building cost of the subject property.
The standard building stated in the above paragraph refers to the building constructed or built in accordance with the construction or building cost standard table.
The construction or building cost standard table stated in the preceding paragraph should be announced by the National Association of Real Estate Appraiser Guilds (“National Association” is hereafter called) based on different kinds of main building structure and areas. Prior to announcement being made, the construction or building cost is estimated on the basis of the standard unit price table for the purpose of investigating land value promulgated by Special Municipality or County / City government.
Article 57   In the case that the subject property is a building, planning and design fee is calculated, according to the architect service fee table instituted by the Ministry of Interior and the construction cost table for the building license promulgated by Special Municipalities or County / City governments, or estimated as 2% to 3% of actual construction or building cost.
Article 58   Capital interest of the subject property should be calculated, according to capital installments and duration of capital invested, to derive interest amount respectively for own capital and capital loaned. The ratio of own capital to loaned capital is estimated on the basis of bank’s general mortgage percentage.
The capital interest stated in the preceding paragraph should be derived by multiplying interest rate by the sum of building or construction fee, planning and design cost, advertisement and sales fee, management fee, tax and other burden.
For the subject property stated in paragraph 1 that is land or one that includes land, land value shall be added into the sum depicted in the previous paragraph.
Article 59   The interest rate for own capital should not be higher than annual rate of a saving account and not be lower than the rate of a current account, and the interest rate for loaned capital should be based on the bank’s short-term loan interest rate. Capital resulting from pre-sale income should not be counted in calculating interest.
Article 60   Construction or building profit of the subject property should be estimated by multiplying the sum of construction or building cost, planning and design fee, advertisement and sales fee, management fee, tax and other burden by a proper rate of return after taking into consideration the project scale, project duration, economic conditions and other factors.
The rate of return stated in the preceding paragraph should be regularly announced by National Association regularly, and determined by reference to the average operation rate of return in construction or building industry before National Association has announced it. The rate of return for different types of construction or building could also be adjusted after taking into consideration the operating risk and duration of construction or building.
The duration of construction or building stated in the preceding paragraph refers to the uninterrupted period of time between the applications of a building permit through completion of the building ready for transfer.
For the subject property stated in paragraph 1 that is land or one that includes land, land value shall be added into the sum depicted in the previous paragraph.
Article 61   Tariffs of advertisement fee, sales fee, management fee and tax should be regularly announced by the National Association, or estimated following the below rules before National Association has announced. The following rules in respect of estimating fees do not apply if special conditions are present and those are detailed in the appraisal report:
1. Advertisement fee and sales fee are estimated as 4% to 5% of the total costs.
2. Management fee is estimated as 3% to 4% of the total costs. The pubic fund required by the Act of Management on Apartment Buildings should be listed under the item of management fee and the tariff of management fee could be raised to 4% to 5%.
3. Tax is estimated as 0.5% to 1.2% of the total costs, or estimated based upon the payment amount of land value tax, value-added tax or other relevant tax for the subject property.
Article 62   Advertisement fee, sales fee, management fee, tax or construction or building profit are allowed not to be included in cost estimation depending on the nature of the subject property.
Article 63   An unfinished building should be appraised on the actual completed parts, or based on the construction or building cost standard table of a standard building together with reference to the cost ratio table of building construction progress.
The National Association should announce cost ratio table of building construction progress stated in the preceding paragraph.
Article 64   For investment on land or buildings whose cost is not commensurate with the normal revenue, the cost is allowed not to be included in total cost or be deducted by depreciation, which should be detailed in the appraisal report.
Article 65   Depreciation of a building should be estimated based on its economic life, but is allowed to be estimated based on its physical life if necessary.
Economic life refers to the duration of years for a new building to become unworthy to use due to the deterioration of function or utility of the building.
Physical life refers to the duration of years for a new building to become unusable due to the fragile structure caused by natural wear or damage of external force.
In case the age of a building has exceeded its economic life, the economic life should be adjusted.
Article 66   The table of economic life of building should be announced by the National Association in respect of different kinds of building structure and different regions, based on economic function and utility of buildings.
Article 67   The ratio of salvage value of a building should be announced by the National Association, or judged by taking account of the building’s condition and social custom before the announcement is made. But the above ratio of salvage value cannot exceed 10%.
If there is no salvage value on a building at the end of its life; the salvage value will not be taken into account while estimating depreciation.
The ratio of salvage value stated in paragraph 1 refers to the ratio of the sales value of the residual structure and internal equipments of a building in the market to the total building cost, on the date when the economic life of this building expires.
Article 68   The accrued depreciation is calculated in principle by the straight line method whose formula is as follows:
Dn=C×[(1-s)/N]×n
where
Dn: accrued depreciation amount
C: total cost of a building.
s: salvage value ratio.
n: the number of years passed.
N: the building life.
If it is necessary to estimate accrued depreciation by other methods, the details should be specified in an appraisal report.
It needs to be stated in the appraisal report if the following methods are necessary for estimating the accrued depreciation amount depicted in the above paragraph:
1. The formula for constant rate method is as follows:
Dn=C[1-(1-d)n]
where
Dn: accrued depreciation amount
C: total cost of a building.
n: the number of years passed.
d: depreciation rate under constant rate method
2. The formula for sinking fund method is as follows:
where
Dn: accrued depreciation amount
C: total cost of a building.
s: salvage value ratio.
n: the number of years passed.
N: the building life.
i : interest rate
3. Other methods that are recognized by the competent authority of central government.
As for estimation of accrued property depreciation amount, in addition to consideration of physical and functional factors, component parts of individual buildings and their uses shall be considered from the economic perspective, and the maintenance and renovation of buildings be observed, to estimate the remaining economic life of the building. The above remaining economic life is then added to the passed years to arrive at the economic life of the building, and the calculation should be detailed in the appraisal report.
Article 69   The calculation formula of cost value is as follows:
1. Land cost value = land total cost.
2. Building cost value = building total cost - building accrued depreciation. Or Building cost value = building total cost ×【1 - (annual depreciation ratio ×the number of years passed)】
3. Built-up property total cost = Land cost value + building cost value
The land cost value stated in the previous subparagraph could be replaced by sales comparison value or income value if it is difficult to ascertain, and the details should be specified in the appraisal report.
Article 70   Land development analysis is estimate the land development analysis value prior to development or construction, by deducting the direct cost, indirect cost, capital interest and profit during the development period, from total sales price of properties after completion of development or construction. This analysis acknowledges the changes in utility of land through development or improvement in accordance with legal use and density of the land.
Article 71   The procedures of land development analysis are as follows:
1. Identifying the content of land development and estimating the duration of development needed.
2. Investigating individual cost and related expenses, and collecting current market prices and etc.
3. On-site survey and investigating and analyzing the degree of development in the local environment.
4. Estimating the marketable area of land or building after construction or building.
5. Estimating the total sales price of properties after completion of completion of construction or building.
6. Estimating individual cost and related expenses.
7. Deciding an appropriate rate of return and an overall capital interest rate.
8. Calculating land development analysis value.
Article 72   Besides collection of data stated in Article 11, the following information should be gathered where necessary for undertaking a land development analysis.
1. Proposal of a development project.
2. Design blueprint or land plan layout.
3. Application or permit of construction.
4. Construction or building costs.
5. Expenses for planning, design, advertisement, sales, management, tax, and etc.
6. Capital interest rate
7. Rate of return for construction or building.
Article 73   On-site survey and investigation and analysis of the development degree in local environment include the following matters:
1. Investigating factors affecting total sales amount, cost, expense, and etc.
2. Ascertaining the progress of project, and construction on the subject property and the environmental conditions, and taking necessary photos.
3. Gathering and investigating transaction data in the market.
4. Development degree of land and buildings and public facilities in the surrounding environment.
Article 74   The marketable areas of land or building after completion of construction or building should be estimated according to the following principles:
1. The areas estimated based upon the building permit, architecture design drawing or in documents of land development permission and map plan layout.
2. The areas estimated which take into account terrain, topography and local market circumstances and the highest and best use of the land in accordance with the relevant regulations in the case that building permit or permission of land development on the land has not been obtained.
The calculation process of the marketable areas stated in the preceding paragraph should be illustrated for later examination.
Article 75   Total sales price after completion of construction or building should be estimated by multiplying the marketable areas, of land or building after completion of construction or building, by the anticipated unit sales price.
In the case that the unit sales price for individual parts of the marketable areas differs, areas of each part and its respective unit price should be listed in detail.
The unit sales price stated in the previous paragraph should take account of the price expected to be realized as of the date of value opinion, and be derived by sales comparison approach or income approach.
Article 76   The items of the direct cost and indirect cost of building and development on land are as follows:
1. Direct costs: Building or construction cost.
2. Indirect costs consist of:
(1) Planning and design fee.
(2) Advertisement and sales fee.
(3) Management fee.
(4) Tax and other burden.
Article 77   Advertisement fee, marketing fee, management fee, tax payment and other fees shall be regularly announced by National Association. The amount of fees and payment shall be estimated based upon the following rules before the announcement. These rules do not apply when special conditions are present and detailed in the appraisal report.
1.Advertisement fee and marketing fee are estimated as 4 to 5 percents of the total sales amount.
2.Management fee is estimated as 3 to 4 percents of total sales amount. In the case that a public fund is set up according to the Act of Management on Apartment Buildings, management fee shall be listed under the item of management fee, and can be raised up to be 4 to 5 percents.
3.Tax payment is estimated as 0.5 to 1.2 percents of total sales amount, or be estimated based upon actual conditions with reference to land value tax, value-added tax and other relevant tax for the subject property.
Article 78   Calculation of planning and design fee and the rate of return for land development analysis shall follow the of Articles 57 and 60.
Article 79   Estimation of capital annual interest in respect of the overall capital interest rate for land development analysis shall be based upon the Articles 58 and 59, and makes reference to the following formulae:
Overall capital interest rate = capital annual interest rate x (land value ratio + building value ratio x 1/2 ) x development years.
For those subject properties that bear unusual capital interest, or whose construction of buildings does not start immediately after acquisition of land, their overall capital interest rate can be further adjusted on the part of 1/2 specified in the above paragraph, and be detailed in the appraisal report.
Building value for the building value ratio in paragraph 1 can be estimated based upon the sum of construction costs and planning and design fee.
Article 80   The duration of construction refers to the period of time between the dates of value opinion through the completion of construction without interruption.
Article 81   The calculation formula of land development analysis value is as follows:
V = [S ÷(1 + R) ÷(1 + i) - (C + M)]
where
V: land development analysis value.
S: the expected total sales price after completion of construction or building.
R: the appropriate rate of return.
C: the direct cost for construction or building.
M: the indirect cost for construction or building.
i: the overall capital interest rate for the total costs of construction or building.
Article 82   Information announced by the National Association according to Articles 56, 60, 61, 63, 66, 67 and 67 should be reported in advance to the central competent authority for reference.
Chapter IV Land appraisal
Article 83   Land appraisal in anticipation of later land assembly or partition should take account of the possible value changes before and after assembly or partition, and adjustments to land value are made accordingly.
Article 84   For an appraisal of several contiguous parcels of land to be assembled to be one for land use purpose, the appraised value should be based on the assembled land parcel and values apportioned to respective land parcels are in proportion to their relative share of land value prior to assembly.
For several contiguous parcels of land that are under the same ownership but whose land use purpose is not to assemble them into one, appraisal for those land parcels follows regulations stated in the previous paragraph.
Article 85   While several different legal uses are found on a parcel of land, the value of this land parcel could be derived as the sum of values for individual portions with different legal uses or appraised based on the primary use, after taking consideration of the highest and best use, the relationship among those different legal uses, and the difficulty for partitioning this land parcel.
Article 86   The influence on land value caused by the building upon the land should be considered when this parcel of land is appraised.
Article 87   The land development analysis could be applied in appraising the value of land about to be developed. The land development analysis value should be compared with the sales comparison value to decide the final appraised value.
Article 88   For a parcel of land whose use is restricted due to facilities passing through above or below, the normal market value without the restriction should be estimated at first, followed by consideration of the effects of the restriction. The expected diminution of land value associated with the land use restriction will be deducted from the normal market value to arrive at the value of land appraised.
Article 89   As for land whose soil or underground water is contaminated, the normal value for the land without such contamination shall be first appraised. Based on the test results supplied by clients in respect of soil and underground water contamination and their possible impacts, the diminution in land value is therefore estimated, and this value diminution is subtracted from the normal value to arrive at the value for this contaminated land.
Article 90   The appraisal of hot spring land should consider factors such as content of water rights, development cost, water volume, water quality, water temperature, local transportation, relevant facilities, tourist number and etc.
Article 91   The appraisal of a golf course should take into consideration factors of membership system, course facilities, development costs, revenue and operation costs etc.
Article 92   The appraisal of woodland can employ sales comparison approach income approach, or cost approach depending on the growth of the wood. When the cost approach is applied, forestation cost, land improvement cost, and road excavation cost should be considered in calculation of total costs.
Article 93   The appraisal of farms or postures should in principle apply sales comparison approach. In the case that there is no previous sales data, the value could be estimated based on the value of land parcels in the neighborhood, and by comparison of the location, shape, topography, soil characteristic, and land use between the neighborhoods land parcels and the subject farm or pasture to arrive at the final appraised value.
Article 94   The appraisal of saltpan should in principle apply sales comparison approach. In the case that there is no previous sales data, the value could be estimated based on the value of land parcels in the neighborhood, and by comparison of the sunshine, ventilation, location, and shape between the neighborhoods land parcels and the subject saltpan to arrive at the final appraised value.
Article 95   The appraisal of pond or swamp should in principle apply sales comparison approach. In the case that there is no previous sales data, the value could be estimated based on the value of land parcels in the neighborhood, and by comparison of the location, shape, and land use between the neighborhoods land parcels and the subject pond to arrive at the final appraised value.
Article 96   The appraisal of graveyard should in principle apply sales comparison approach. In the case that there is no previous sales data, the value could be estimated by reference to the compensation level for eminent domain instituted by the government.
Article 97   The appraisal of land for construction of pubic facility or land reserved for construction of pubic facility should in principle apply sales comparison approach. In the case that there is no previous sales data, the value could be estimated by comparison of zoning and land use density between neighboring land parcels and the subject property, and taking into account the possible value diminution, together with the average value of the neighboring land parcels.
Chapter V Built-up property valuation
Article 98   The appraisal of a condominium unit jointly take account of exclusively owned areas, co-owned areas and the share of rights on the site, and appropriate adjustments are to be made between the comparable properties and the subject condominium unit by reference to the different utility ratio among different floors and the location differences within a floor.
The utility ratio for individual floor stated in the preceding paragraph is to be announced by the National Association by areas through collection of relevant cases. The above information is for the reference of adjustment to be made stated in the preceding paragraph, and the ratio is estimated also by reference to the market conditions and local custom.
Article 99   When the value of a built-up subject property is used as a basis to estimate its value of land portion, the following rules can be employed:
1.Land value of the built-up subject property = value of the built-up subject property – building cost of the built-up subject property..
2.Unit land value of the built-up subject property = land value of the built-up subject property / land size of the built-up subject property
In the case that the land value ratio and building value ratio are known, the following rules also apply to estimate the unit land value based upon the value of the built-up subject property:
1.Land value of the built-up subject property = value of the built-up subject property x land value ratio
2. Unit land value of the built-up subject property = land value of the built-up subject property / land size of the built-up subject property
The land value ratio and building value ratio in the preceding paragraph shall be estimated through appraisal methods and with reference to data surveyed in the local market.
Article 100   When the subject property stated in the preceding Article is a condominium unit, the following rules can apply to estimate the unit value of the site where the condominium stands based upon the value of this subject property:
1. The value of a share of rights on the site for a condominium unit = the value of a condominium unit - the building cost value of the condominium unit
2. The unit value of a share of rights on the site for a condominium unit = the value of a share of rights on the site for a condominium unit / the site area owned by the condominium unit
3. The unit value of a site for a condominium = the unit value of rights to use a condominium site x average vertical allotment ratio of land value / vertical allotment ratio of land value for the condominium unit
The vertical allotment ratio of land value stated in the subparagraph 3 of the preceding paragraph is calculated as follows:
Vertical allotment ratio of land value for a condominium unit = the floor utility ratio for the condominium unit - the average floor utility ratio ×the ratio of the cost value of the whole building to the whole built-up property value.
Article 101   In the case that the land value ratio and building value ratio for the subject property is known, the following rules also apply to estimate the unit site value for the condominium based on the value of the subject property stated in the preceding Article:
1. The value of a share of rights on the site for a condominium unit = the value of a condominium unit x land value ratio
2. The unit value of a share of rights on the site for a condominium unit = the value of a share of rights on the site for a condominium unit / the site area owned by the condominium unit
3. The unit land value for the site upon which a condominium unit stands = the unit value of a share of rights on the site for a condominium unit x averaged floor utility ratio / the floor utility ratio for this condominium
The land value ratio and building value ratio in the preceding paragraph shall be estimated through appraisal methods and with reference to data surveyed in the local market.
Article 102   When appraising a property whose existing floor capacity ratio is over the legal one, this appraisal shall be based upon the current conditions of the legitimate part of the subject property, and impacts of the law-permissible floor capacity on appraisal need to be detailed in the appraisal report.
Article 103   For appraisal of a property where part of which is illegal, the illegal part will not be appraised. The above restriction does not apply when the clients require the appraisal and the respective values of legal and illegal parts of the subject property are stated in the appraisal report.
Article 104   For appraisal of a property that is at present not in its highest and best use, the normal value based on its highest and best use shall be first estimated, followed by adjustments to reflect the current low use condition.
Article 105   For a legal property whose originally permitted use is in conflict with the present land use control, the appraisal shall be based upon the uses that are allowable by the current zoning regulations, and the value difference between the current use and the law-permissible uses be specified in an appraisal report.
Article 106   A built-up property could be regarded as a vacant land if the building upon it becomes worthless. However, the demolition cost of the building should be considered to make necessary value adjustments.
Chapter VI Land improvements valuation
Article 107   The classification of the land improvements is in accordance with Article 5 of the Land Law.
Article 108   The cost approach is in principle applied to building valuation.
The auxiliary installations could be included in building valuation.
Article 109   The appraisal of crops in this Regulation refers to the appraisal of fruit trees, tea trees, canes, ornamental flowers and trees, forestation trees, and other various types of which are attached crops land.
Article 110   The appraisal of crops should be estimated, based on their categories, in consideration of factors such as production environment, agricultural disaster, production technique, production period, age of trees, growth condition, fruiting pattern, management, agricultural facility, and etc.
Article 111   Crops valuation methods are as follows:
1. For crops that are young and still far away from its harvest time, the value of crops should be estimated based on planting and nurturing expenses, together with growing condition of crops.
2. For crops that are close to their harvest, the value of crops should be estimated based on expected yield and market price, and the expenses needed between the date of value opinion and the harvest could be deducted if necessary.
3. For crops whose harvest time is over a year away, and the harvest value can be expected, the value of crops should be estimated based on the price in the local area. The future price in harvest is estimated and discounted to the date of value opinion. However, the expenses needed between the date of value opinion and the harvest should be deducted.
Article 112   The cost approach should in principle be applied for works and improvement to irrigation and soil attached to land. However, the indicated values of sales comparison approach and income approach could also be considered to arrive at the final appraised value.
Article 113   For a building where the soil or underground water underneath is contaminated, the normal value for this building without such contamination shall be first appraised. Based on the test results supplied by clients in respect of soil and underground water contamination and their possible impacts, the diminution in land value is therefore estimated, and this value diminution is subtracted from the normal value to arrive at the value for this contaminated building.
Chapter VII Valuation of Interests
Article 114   The valuation of interests consists of valuation of superficies, dien, yungtien, easement, cultivation, mortgage, lease, transferable development right and exchange of right.
Article 115   The valuation of interests should consider factors affecting value of interests such as contract, lease terms, registered rights, relevant regulations, social custom, status of rights in the normal market and etc.
Article 116   The valuation of superficies right should consider factors such as purposes, duration of right, whether rent is paid, restriction on right transfer, the spatial location of the right and etc.
Article 117   The valuation of dien right should be based on dien payment and consider factors such as duration of right, restriction on right transfer and etc.
Article 118   The valuation of yungtien right should consider factors such as rent payment, social custom and etc.
Article 119   The valuation of easement should consider factors such as condition of the sites providing and demanding the easement, duration of right, nature of easement, social custom and etc.
Article 120   The valuation of cultivation right should consider factors such as cultivation period, registered right, relevant regulations and etc.
Article 121   The valuation of mortgage should be based on the normal value of the subject property on the date of value opinion. On the basis of the actual mortgage amount, adjustments are made after taking into account factors such as other mortgages on the same property, liquidity, risk, appreciation, the difficulty of implementation and etc. to arrive at the final appraised value.
Article 122   The valuation of tenancy should consider factors such as contract, function, duration of lease, method of rent payment, use purpose, use condition and etc.
Article 123   The valuation of transferable development right should consider site from which development right is transferred, site receiving development right, other factors affecting real estate price, relevant regulations and etc.
Article 124   For the valuation of rights exchange in an urban renewal scheme, the items examined shall be based upon Urban Renewal Act and Regulation on Implementation of Rights Exchange for Urban Renewal.
Article 125   For the subject property that is a condominium unit prior to rights exchange scheme, the respective value for its share of rights on the land and building within the whole building can be estimated by means of the land value ratio and the building ration of the whole building following the rules as below:
1.The value for share of rights on land of individual condominium unit = the value of individual condominium x land value ratio
2. The value for share of rights on building of individual condominium unit = the value of individual condominium x building value ratio
3.Formulae for calculating land value ratio and building value ratio stated in the preceding paragraph are as follows:
Land value ratio = unit value of land as if vacant x site size / unit value of land as if vacant x site size +【unit construction cost x (1-accrued depreciation rate) x size of the whole building】
Building value ratio = unit construction cost x (1-accrued depreciation rate) x size of the whole building / unit value of land as if vacant x site size +【unit construction cost x (1-accrued depreciation rate) x size of the whole building】
Article 126   In the case that prior to rights exchange scheme the presently utilized floor capacity is below the law-permissible capacity on the site where condominium units stand, and the present site value is lower than the value of the site as if vacant, the value of land rights for respective condominium units are calculated as follows:
1.Following the rules set up in the preceding Article.
2.Value of land rights for the condominium units whose presently utilized floor capacity is lower than the law-permissible one = the sum of value of all condominium units whose presently utilized floor capacity is lower than the law-permissible one x land value ratio
3.Value ratio of land rights for the condominium units = value of land rights for the condominium units whose presently utilized floor capacity is lower than the law-permissible one / Σ sum of value of land rights for the condominium units whose presently utilized floor capacity is lower than the law-permissible one
4. Value of land rights for the condominium units = value of site as if vacant where condominiums stand x value ratio of land rights for the condominium units
Article 127   In the case that a site has not developed prior to the rights exchange scheme, the value of land rights for this site is estimated as if vacant.
Article 128   The allocated part of building and land for a condominium after a rights exchange scheme is completed shall take into consideration the architectural plan, material standards, equipment quality, construction costs specified in the rights exchange plan of urban renewal scheme, and the relationship between floor utility ratio before and after the urban renewal scheme and other relevant factors. This appraisal shall be based upon the value of a newly completed property on the date of assessing this urban renewal scheme.
Chapter VIII Appraisal of Rent
Article 129   Estimation of rent for a property shall consider contract contents, lease duration, lease purpose, tax liabilities, rent level, transition conditions, lease renewal, renewal conditions and other relevant factors.
Article 130   It is in principle to estimate the real rent for the subject property when property rent is the appraisal assignment.
The real rent stated in the preceding paragraph refers to the sum of rent payment paid for each rental period by the tenant, and benefits generating from deposit, guarantee fees under landlord’s disposal, and amortization of non-refundable deposit.
Article 131   New lease and lease renewal shall be distinguished when estimating rent for property.
Article 132   The following rules can be applied to estimate property rent under a new lease:
1.Estimation of rent using comparison method through cases of new leases as comparable properties.
2.Estimation of net income through multiplying the value of the subject property by rental income rate, with necessary costs included.
3.Estimation of net income during a certain period of time through the analysis of the total income of a business operation, with necessary costs included.
Article 133   The following rules can be applied to estimate property rent under renewal of a lease:
1. Estimation of rent using comparison method through cases of lease renewal as comparable properties.
2.Estimation of net income through multiplying the normal value of the subject property on the date of value opinion by rental income rate for a renewed lease, with necessary included.
3.Estimation of rent through the net income of the rent specified in the original contract for the subject property, with the rent adjustment after considering the rent trend, and with necessary costs included.
4.Estimation of rent through the part of difference between the original contract rent and the economic rent in the market that shall be attributed to the landlord, and with contract rent added.
Chapter IX Supplementary Provision
Article 134   This Regulation should come into effect at the date of its promulgation
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